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The Great Treks: The Transformation of Southern Africa, 1815-1854, by Norman Etherington
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The mass migration of the Boer farmers from Cape Colony to escape British domination in 1835-36 - the Great Trek - has always been a potent icon of Africaaner nationalism and identity. For African nationalists, the Mfecane - the vast movement of the Black populations in the interior following the emergence of a new Zulu kingdom as a major military force in the early 19th century - offers an equally powerful symbol of the making of a nation. With their parallel visions of populations on the move to establish new states, these two stories became part of divided South Africa’s separate mythologies, treated as unconnected events taking place in separate universes.
For the first time, in this groundbreaking book, accounts of both migrations are brought together and examined. In uniting these separate visions of African and Afrikaaner history, Norman Etherington provides a fascinating picture of a major turning point in South African history, and points the way for future work on the period.
- Sales Rank: #2715496 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Routledge
- Published on: 2001-10-27
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.20" h x 1.00" w x 6.20" l, 1.30 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 360 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Review
"No-one teaching South African history will be able to ignore this book"Australasian Review of African Studies "In The Great Treks Norman Etherington has done South African history a great conceptual and publishing service and this book will be a benchmark in the literature for a long time to come." Kleio vol. 34, 2002
From the Back Cover
The mass migration of the Boer farmers from Cape Colony to escape British domination in 1835-36 - the Great Trek - has always been a potent icon of Afrikaaner nationalism and identity. For African nationalists, the Mfecane - the vast movement of the Black populations in the interior following the emergence of a new Zulu kingdom as a major military force in the early 19th century - offers an equally powerful symbol of the making of a nation. These two stories became part of divided South Africa's separate mythologies, treated as unconnected events taking place in separate universes. The end of Apartheid and the beginning of democracy in South Africa demands a new kind of history. Few present day historians believe the old assertion that the 'Great Trek' is the central event of South African history. This book puts an 's' on the phrase 'Great Trek' as a way of signaling its intention to deal with all the movements of people and their leaders which occurred in South Africa during the early nineteenth century. The author avoids the colonizers point of view by taking the vantage point of the central highveld where African societies had flourished for more than a thousand years before the arrival of white people. The book also clarifies the ferocious debate over the so-called 'mfecane' which has raged over the last decade and asks whether it was really as violent and disruptive as it has made out to have been. Featuring a wealth of interesting anecdotes and stories, The Great Treks provides a fascinating new history for twenty-first century South Africa. Norman Etherington has published widely on South Africa and Southern African history and politics and has spent long periods travelling and working in South Africa. He is currently Professor of History at the University of Western Australia.
About the Author
Norman Etherington has published widely on South African and Southern African history and politics. He has spent long periods travelling and working in South Africa. He lives in Australia where he is Professor of History at the University of Western Australia.
Most helpful customer reviews
4 of 23 people found the following review helpful.
Not to Balanced.
By David Bustillos
Very biased towards his on POV. Not very fast moving, keeps going back to the same PC point over and over again. I love reading about all sides to Southern African hisory. But this was not balanced nor time period correct.More of an ANC boosters version of history along with contempory BS.
Very below standard. What is weird is this bloke who was an american, born and bred then as an adult relocated to Australia, then thinks he knows the heart of Africa. (Both white,black and mixed)There are better books out of South Africa that deal with this, Both balanced and Afro Centric.
2 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
An Alternative View
By S. Smith
For many years, South African history has focused on the growth of the colonial state from the Cape and dealt with African peoples only when they came in contact with the colonists. Etherington wants to move the historical focal point to a southern Bantu heartland, situated in the centre of modern South Africa, which he regards as a crossroads and meeting point of the various groups that peopled the country. In attempting to re-write a post-colonial history of South Africa from an African perspective, Etherington treats the so-called “Great Trek” of the Boers as just one of many movements of peoples and their leaders, and not as a major historical turning point.
In this central heartland, most of the people farmed and kept sheep and cattle herds. He treats white settlers and African peoples equally, and Africans as just as likely to confront other Africans as Europeans or Griqua raiders in this period of violence and forced movement. He mentions several locations from which early 19th century instability spread: the area east of the Kalahari, one north of the Tugela River in Natal, and the Xhosa frontier of the eastern Cape. The "Great Trek" is set alongside migrations of mixed-race settlers from the Cape and the Rolong among others. Etherington avoids terms such as black, white, African or settler, as he believes race will not be a way of classifying people in future. This is a bold new approach, which partly succeeds, but there are some areas where it is unsatisfactory.
Etherington suggests that many tribes were artificial constructions, and more attention should be focused on the chiefs. Chieftainship, rather than tribe or ethnicity, should in his view be central to reconstructing a non-colonialist history. The problem here is lack of documentation to produce that reconstruction; much of what there is from European missionaries or traders writing after the event. This forces him to rely on possibly manipulated genealogies. His use of genealogies gives rise to a confusing profusion of group names derived from chiefs and ancestors in place of colonial accounts which, however biased, are at least well documented.
The term Mfecane has been used to describe a period of early 19th century disruption affecting much of South Africa, sometimes linked to the growth of the Zulu kingdom. It is a highly contentious issue, as the concept was misused in the apartheid era to blame for the massive devastation it was supposed to have caused on Africans. One extreme reaction has been to deny its existence: more nuanced views are it was a period of significant, often violent, but not only destructive change; another emphasises external European agency. Without fully reviewing the controversy, Etherington argues that ultimate cause was the Portuguese slave trade based on Delagoa Bay, although there is virtually no evidence for any significant slave trade there in the relevant period.
Etherington’s attempt to replace the colonial oriented historical accounts by an African centred one is build on shaky foundations because of lack of adequate sources. This is a book for those who already have a reasonable understanding of 19th century South African history, and it is not written in an accessible style. However, if you are interested in this subject, it is worth reading as an alternative view of the history of this period, despite its drawbacks.
1 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
A New View Of Southern African State Formation
By Chimonsho
Etherington's book sets the current standard for understanding the migrations of peoples in early 19C Southern Africa, and the resulting new states and ethnic identities. Unlike most other studies, he approaches the African and Afrikaner migrations as aspects of common developments that saw new states proliferate. Another shared feature is the eventual inability of any southern African state to remain independent from European (largely British) imperialism. While he does not provide a fully-realized new interpretation of the Mfecane/Difaqane or the Boers' treks, Etherington clears up numerous distortions based on faulty or biased readings of the primary sources. His findings will not please all partisan viewpoints, but these great treks can now be understood apart from longstanding simplistic interpretations.
[The book gets an extra star to make up for the preposterous 1-star review.]
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